The present research work involves pharmacognostical standardization and the isolation, characterization and identification of twelve compounds including nine new compounds isolated from the extracts of stem barks of following four plant species.

1.      Alstonia scholaris R. Br. (Chatiun) from family – Apocyanaceae

2.      Balanites aegyptiaca Delile (Hingot) from family – Simaroubaceae

3.      Bombax ceiba Linn. (Semul) from family – Bombaceae

4.      Morus alba Linn. (Shehtoot) from family - Moraceae 

Pharmacognostical standardization  include:

(i). Detailed qualitative and quantitative macroscopical and microscopical studies of the stem bark as well as powdered bark.

(ii). Histochemical tests of the transections of stem bark to detect the presence and absence of different chemical groups.

(iii). Total extractive values and successive extractive values.

(iv). Percentage of total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and sulphated ash

(v). The fluorescence analysis of the drug powder.

(vi). Reaction of the powdered bark with different chemical reagents was carried out and the changes in colour has been observed.

(v). Moisture content, solid content and pH values.

(vi). Thin layer chromatographic studies of the different extract.

(vii). The inorganic elemental analysis of the drug powder.  

Phytochemical studies include:

 Isolation characterization and identification of twelve compounds, including nine new compounds isolated from the extracts of the stem bark of four different plants. 

Alstonia scholaris R. Br. A tree of family Apocynaceae, known for its antimalarial, antidiabetic, antidiarroheal and antileismanial activities. Its bark is also used in the various skin diseases. 

Ø         3-acetyl-lup-5, 12, 20 (29)-triene-3a, 19b, diol, named Alstrinine 

Ø         18a-H- lup-5, 12, 20 (29)-triene-3a, 22b, diol, named Alstotrinine 

Ø            stigmast-3, 5-dien-3a-ol, named Isostigmasterol 

Ø            stigmast-5-en-3b-ol, named b-sitosterol 

Ø         stigmast-5-en-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, named b-sitosterol glycoside 

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile. The plant has anthelmintic, antisyphlitic, alterative, antidiabetic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Its bark is used as fish poison. 

Ø         10-methyl-n-heptacosane named BA-1 

Ø        1,4-glucopyranosyl-1',4'-glucopyranosyl-1'',4''-rhamnopyranosyl-1''',4'''-   rhamnopyranoside, named diglucodirhamnoside. 

Ø            glucopyranosyl-1,4-fructopyranoside, named Sucrose 

Bombax ceiba Linn     Various parts of plant are used in small pox, bleeding gums, toothache, carries, sores in mouth, pain in leg, fever, enlarged spleen, atrophy, emaciation, rheumatism, spermatorrhoea, cholera, pneumonia, pleurisy, intestinal neuralgia, leprosy and skin diseases. 

Ø         lup-20 (29) en-3b-ol, named BC-1 

Ø         2-hexyl-7, 8-dimethyl-1, 4-naphthaquinone, named Ceibanaphthaquinone 

Morus alba Linn. The plant has purgative, anthelmintic and astringent properties. Its bark is considered as a restorative, tonic and remedy in nervous disorders.   

Ø         urs-12-en--3b-yl-acetate, named Albanylacetate 

Ø         lup-20 (29)-en-3a-ol-28-oic acid, named Albalupenoic acid